What process continually moves water between the hydrosphere and atmosphere?

The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is the process that continuously moves water between the hydrosphere (the water in oceans, rivers, lakes, and glaciers) and the atmosphere (the air surrounding the Earth). This cycle involves several key processes, including evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

In the water cycle, evaporation occurs when water from surfaces such as oceans and lakes transforms into vapor and enters the atmosphere. As the water vapor rises, it cools and condenses to form clouds. Eventually, this moisture falls back to the Earth's surface as precipitation, such as rain or snow. Some of this water will run off into bodies of water, and some will infiltrate the ground, replenishing groundwater supplies. This movement of water back and forth between the hydrosphere and atmosphere is vital for maintaining Earth's climate and supporting ecosystems.

The other cycles mentioned, such as the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and rock cycle, describe different processes related to the movement of carbon, nitrogen, and geological materials, respectively. While they are essential components of Earth's systems, they do not specifically address the continuous movement of water as the water cycle does.