Why were some bacteria resistant to the antibiotic in the scientist’s experiment?

The reason why some bacteria were resistant to the antibiotic in the scientist’s experiment is primarily due to genetic mutation passed down from older generations. Bacteria reproduce rapidly, and during this process, random genetic mutations can occur. Some of these mutations may result in traits that confer resistance to antibiotics, allowing these bacteria to survive and reproduce even in the presence of the antibiotic.

As the bacteria continue to multiply, these resistant traits can be passed on to the next generation, leading to an overall population that is increasingly resistant to the antibiotic in question. This evolutionary process is often exacerbated by the overuse or misuse of antibiotics in medical and agricultural settings, which can further select for these resistant strains. Thus, the correct answer highlights the importance of genetic mutations and their role in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations.